
SuDS performance evaluation tool (StopUP)
The SuDS performance evaluation tool allows a full SuDS network to be evaluated for its hydraulic (interception, volume losses, peak flows and flooding) and water quality performance through its ability to simulate both design storms and time series rainfall.
Background
The SuDS performance evaluation tool was built by HR Wallingford as part of the EC StopUP project. The tool is a simple volume balancing tool. The SuDS are represented as simple storage reservoirs which use up to three storage layers (‘drainage’, ‘soil’ and ‘surface’) and transfer water between the layers using simple rules. Unlike more complex drainage software, the routing through the SuDS and connecting pipework are not fully represented, but it does include a simplified approach to reflect the hydraulic influence of downstream SuDS. The water quality model is not physically based but uses a pollutant wash-off model combined with average event mean concentrations reflective of different land use types. The efficiency of SuDS to remove pollutants reflects observed removal rates for typical components (based on measured influent and effluent concentrations published in summaries of data held within the BMP database.
When to use the tool?
SuDS best practice is to manage rainwater on or close to the surface and as close to the source of the runoff as possible, as well as to treat rainwater as a valuable resource and ensure pollution is managed at source. This tool provides a thorough evaluation of a SuDS scheme against these best practice principles, notably whether the SuDS scheme meets interception criteria, where surface water goes throughout the year and by how much pollution might be reduced by the system. The tool is useful throughout the design stage to facilitate good SuDS design.
How to use the tool?
The surface water storage volume design tool is a simple online tool. The tool is currently hosted on the EC StopUP website (where it is labelled the “StopUP SuDS Tool”) and therefore users will need to register separately.
To use the tool, you will need to follow these steps:
- Build your scheme by defining each of your SuDS components (over a background map/image if you prefer)
- Link your SuDS components together into a network
- Add contributing urban areas
- Define a suitable outfall
- Select or input the rainfall you would like to use
- Edit the runoff, evapotranspiration and pollutant values if you wish
- Define any site information you would like to be displayed on the PDF reports
- Run the model
- Explore the results!
What are the tool outputs?
The SuDS performance evaluation tool can evaluate the system for both extreme events and everyday rainfall. The tool provides an evaluation of the system in terms of peak flow rate and flooding from the drainage system for design storms, and an evaluation of the system in terms of interception, where surface water goes throughout the year (reuse, evapotranspiration, infiltration, outfall) and by how much pollution might be reduced by the system for time series rainfall.
A report of all input data and results can be saved to form part of a drainage strategy or planning application. The tool also provides an evaluation of the system design for the following criteria: runoff destination, interception, flow control, water quality, amenity and biodiversity.
Access to the tool
The StopUP SuDS Tool is available on https://stopup.hrwallingford.com/.
Note: you will need to login to use the tool. It is a separate login / registration to the uksuds.com website.
Frequently asked questions
The SuDS performance evaluation tool is a simple volume balancing tool evaluating each SuDS component individually. The SuDS are represented as simple storage reservoirs which use up to three storage layers (‘drainage’, ‘soil’ and ‘surface’) and transfer water between the layers using simple rules.
Unlike more complex drainage software, the lateral routing through the SuDS and through connecting pipework are not represented and the hydraulic influence of downstream SuDS is simplified.
To model the hydraulic performance of the SuDS the following simplifying assumptions are made:
- The cross-sectional area of the unit remains constant throughout its depth except for:
- Ponds and basins, where the cross sectional area of the surface is assumed to increase linearly from the bottom to the top;
- Swale geometry is more complex and allows for a sloped base and sides.
- Flow through the unit is one-dimensional in the vertical direction.
- The layers act as simple reservoirs that store water from the bottom up.
- Inflow to the unit is uniformly distributed into the soil layer (or drainage layer where there is no soil layer).
- Flooding occurring at the final SuDS unit stores the water above the SuDS unit with a continuation of the same plan area.
The water quality model within the SuDS performance evaluation tool is not physically based but uses a pollutant wash-off model combined with average event mean concentrations reflective of different land use types. The efficiency of SuDS to remove pollutants reflects observed removal rates for typical components (based on measured influent and effluent concentrations published in summaries of data held within the BMP database (https://bmpdatabase.org).
There are a default set of pollutant profiles provided. However to use a different set of buildup / washoff factors, users can download the pollutant profile (as a CSV), modify it and re-upload the profile.
Two mechanisms of evaporation are represented by the tool:
- Evaporation from the depression storage of the upstream catchment areas draining to the SuDS; and
- Evapotranspiration from the soil layer of the SuDS units.
Evaporation is only applied for time series rainfall and no evaporation or evapotranspiration is applied for design storms.
The rate of evaporation is based on monthly temperatures using the 1985 Hargreaves equation (Allen, et al., 1998). The parameters required from the user are the latitude and the daily minimum and maximum air temperatures for each month. The default parameters provided in the tool are for London obtained from https://weatherspark.com/countries/GB/ENG and therefore should be updated for other locations accordingly.